Neurology

Neurology

Neurology is the branch of medicine that deals with the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscles. A neurologist diagnoses and treats disorders that affect these structures.

Common conditions treated in neurology

• Stroke
• Epilepsy (seizure disorders)
• Headaches and migraines
• Parkinson's disease
• Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
• Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Meningitis and encephalitis
• Brain and spinal cord disorders
• Sleep disorders with neurological causes

Common symptoms evaluated

• Headache
• Dizziness or vertigo
• Seizures
• Weakness or paralysis
• Numbness or tingling
• Tremors or involuntary movements
• Memory loss or confusion
• Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
• Vision or speech problems related to the nervous system

Common diagnostic tests

• Neurological examination
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS)
• CT scan
• MRI of the brain or spine
• Lumbar puncture (spinal tap)
• Blood tests

Treatment

Treatment depends on the condition and may include:

• Medications
• Lifestyle modifications
• Physical, occupational, or speech therapy
• Procedures or referral to neurosurgery when surgery is needed

Neurology focuses on diagnosing and treating disorders of the nervous system to improve function, reduce symptoms, and prevent complications.